PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the primary psychiatric disorder that follows from traumatic life experiences. It should be understood that stress should not be mistaken for PTSD trauma.

The diagnostic criteria for PTSD consist of 20 possible symptoms that are divided amongst 4 clusters.

20 diagnostic symptoms of PTSD

1. 5 symptoms in the re-experiencing cluster:
Nightmares
Intrusive recollections
Flashbacks
Psychological distress at reminders
Physiological distress at reminders

2. 2 symptoms in the avoidance cluster:
Avoidance of internal reminders
Avoidance of external reminders

3. 7 symptoms in the altered cognitions and moods cluster:
Dissociative amnesia
Negative beliefs about oneself and the world
Distorted blaming of oneself
Negative persistent emotional states
Loss of interests
Detachment from loved ones
Restricted range of affect

4. 6 symptoms in the increased arousal cluster:
Hypervigilance
Exaggerated startle response
Concentration difficulty
Sleep difficulty
Irritability or outbursts of anger
Self-destructive or reckless behavior

A possible diagnosis of PTSD will be based on a requirement that requires symptoms from all four clusters.

To be diagnosed with PTSD, a person must have at minimum the following:

• 1 of the five re-experiencing symptoms
• 1 of the two avoidance symptoms
• 2 of the seven altered cognition symptoms
• 2 of the six increased arousal symptoms

There are a variety of different types of symptoms that can be interpreted and the algorithm is such that people with minimal symptoms are not over-diagnosed. Someone with the diagnosis can have as few as 6 or as many as 20 of the possible symptoms.

Generally PTSD is characterized by failure to recover after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. PTSD can be treated via various means. There is mounting evidence that one of the most effective treatments may be the use of Cannabidiol (CBD Oil).

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. These events might include military combat, natural disasters, serious accidents, physical or sexual assault, or any other event that causes extreme fear, shock, or helplessness.

Characteristics of PTSD:

PTSD can affect individuals differently, but common symptoms include:

1. Re-experiencing Symptoms:
   • Flashbacks: Reliving the traumatic event as if it were happening again.
   • Nightmares: Frightening dreams related to the trauma.
   • Intrusive Thoughts: Unwanted, distressing memories of the event.
2. Avoidance and Numbing:
   • Avoiding places, people, or activities that are reminders of the trauma.
   • Emotional numbness and detachment from others.
   • A diminished interest in previously enjoyable activities.
3. Hyperarousal:
   • Being easily startled or feeling “on edge.”
   • Difficulty sleeping or concentrating.
   • Irritability and angry outbursts.
4. Negative Changes in Thinking and Mood:
   • Persistent negative thoughts about oneself or others.
   • Feelings of guilt, shame, or blame.
   • Difficulty experiencing positive emotions.

Treatment Options for PTSD:

Common treatments for PTSD include psychotherapy (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy), medications (e.g., antidepressants like SSRIs), and supportive care. The treatment approach often depends on the individual’s symptoms and preferences.

Does CBD Help with PTSD?

CBD (cannabidiol) has gained attention for its potential therapeutic benefits for various mental health conditions, including PTSD. Here’s how CBD may help individuals with PTSD:

1. Anxiolytic (Anti-Anxiety) Properties:
   • CBD has been shown to have calming and anti-anxiety effects by interacting with serotonin receptors (5-HT1A) in the brain. This can help reduce feelings of fear and anxiety, which are often heightened in people with PTSD.
2. Impact on Memory Processing:
   • Some studies suggest that CBD may affect how memories are processed and stored in the brain. By modulating memory reconsolidation, CBD may reduce the emotional intensity associated with traumatic memories, which could help reduce flashbacks and intrusive thoughts.
3. Regulation of the Endocannabinoid System (ECS):
   • The ECS plays a significant role in regulating mood, stress response, and emotional processing. CBD interacts with the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the ECS, helping to restore balance and potentially reducing hyperarousal and mood disturbances.
4. Sleep Support:
   • Insomnia and nightmares are common symptoms of PTSD. CBD has been studied for its potential to improve sleep quality and duration by promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety. This can help those with PTSD get more restful and restorative sleep.

Evidence and Research:

• Human Studies: Some clinical studies and case reports have shown that CBD may help reduce symptoms of PTSD, including anxiety and sleep disturbances. For instance, a study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine reported that CBD improved symptoms of PTSD in patients over an eight-week period.
• Animal Studies: Preclinical research involving animal models has shown that CBD can modulate fear and anxiety responses and may reduce learned fear through its impact on the ECS and other neurotransmitter systems.

Limitations and Considerations:

• Not a Cure: While CBD can help manage some symptoms, it is not a standalone cure for PTSD. Comprehensive treatment often involves a combination of therapy, medication, and lifestyle interventions.
• Dosage and Quality: The effectiveness of CBD for PTSD can vary based on factors like dosage, the form of CBD used (e.g., oil, capsules, edibles), and product quality.
• Side Effects: CBD is generally considered safe, but it can cause side effects in some individuals, such as fatigue, changes in appetite, or gastrointestinal discomfort.

CBD shows promise as a complementary approach for managing PTSD symptoms, particularly anxiety, sleep disturbances, and hyperarousal. While research is ongoing, existing evidence suggests that CBD may help reduce the intensity of certain symptoms and improve overall quality of life for those with PTSD. Individuals considering CBD for PTSD should consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it’s safe and appropriate for their specific situation, especially if they are taking other medications.

A recent survey asked 300 PTSD sufferers in the United States about their use of CBD and other medications.

1. 80% of survey respondents reported that they consume less alcohol when using cannabis. This suggests that, when used medically, marijuana is not a “gateway” drug.
2. Veterans reported being prescribed more medications than civilians. They were also more likely to be prescribed medications that generally worsened symptoms, including anti-psychotics, narcotic pain medication, and mood stabilizers.
3. Survey respondents reported that cannabis was the most likely to improve PTSD symptoms—albeit to an unknown degree—and the least likely to make symptoms of irritability, depression and sleep problems worse.